Repeated diet failure leading to lowered self-esteem, a sense of guilt and even self-hatred. Studies have suggested that attentional biases for food cues may play an essential role in the development and the maintenance of maladaptive eating behaviors. This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of attentional bias modification Food-Related stimuli and food craving in dieters. The method was quasi-experimental with two-group pretest-posttest design. 30 people were selected based on the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to the two groups of experiment and control. The experimental group received the intervention attentional bias modification training. To measure attentional bias and interventions Dot-probe task test (MacLeod et al, 1986) and to measure food craving, Food Craving Questionnaire (Cepeda-Benito, 2000) were used respectively. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between two groups in attention bias and food craving in the pre-test and post-test. The results also showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the dimensions of intention and planning to consume food, anticipation of positive reinforcement, anticipation of relief from negative feelings, lack of control over eating, thoughts or preoccupation with food, emotions before or during food craving and guilt from craving (P<0/05).

Purpose: Food security is a critical global challenge that is influenced by research and innovation in the field. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the scientific output of developing countries in food security and examine its relationship with patents and Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Methodology: This applied research utilized the Scientometric approach. A total of 8,416 papers published between 1992-2023 in the field of food security by developing countries were included in the study using citation databases from Clarivate Analytics. Additionally, patent registrations from the WIPO database and GDP data from the World Bank were analyzed. Information was collected through note-taking, and the data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Findings: The findings reveal an upward trend in the publication and citation of scientific outputs related to food security in developing countries. China has higher numbers of papers, patents, GDP, and food production index compared to Iran, Japan, and South Korea. There is also a positive correlation observed between population and the number of papers, gross production and the number of papers, food production and the number of published papers, as well as the number of patents and papers citing scientific outputs of countries.Conclusion: These results highlight the significant relationship between increasing scientific output, GDP, the number of patents, and food security. Greater emphasis on food security contributes to enhanced scientific output, GDP, and innovation. Similarly, increasing scientific output, GDP, and innovation positively impact food security in countries.Value: This study emphasizes the importance of scientific outputs in driving technological advancements, innovations, and ultimately, ensuring food security in developing countries.

Today, many different methods are applied for the correct use of foods and to prevent their deterioration. Ensuring healthy conditions for people in food consumption and consumption of healthy foods is very important for human welfare. In this study, food spoilage, the factors that cause food spoilage, its effects on a global basis, food transport systems (cold chain) and measures that prevent or delay food spoilage are discussed.

Due to the variety of their structural makeup, hydrogels polymer networks that are saturated with water are used in a wide range of industries, including medicine, pharmaceuticals, cell or biomolecule separation, and biosensors. Hydrogels have received a lot of attention recently because of their flexible and stable structure in transition phenomena. In comparison to traditional hydrogels, the polymer network of nanocomposite hydrogels has better elastic and rheological properties. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs can both be present in hydrogels at the same time, which is why they are used to release both types of medications. Hydrogels are used in many medical applications, including tissue engineering, contact lenses, wound dressings, and the release of therapeutic agents, because they have a structure similar to the extracellular matrix and the capacity to absorb water. Drugs with a short half-life have an extended shelf life and duration of action due to the controlled release of the drug, which helps to maintain the best therapeutic concentration of the drug in the blood. For drugs with a prolonged release, controlled drug release makes the drug release rate dependable. This article discusses the properties of hydrogel nanocomposites and how they can be used to create targeted drug delivery systems.

In today's digital age, we are bombarded with images from the internet, social media, and online magazines. It is fascinating how we can remember so many of these images and their details. However, not every image is equally memorable; some stay with us more than others. Scientists have explored why this is the case. In our research, we are particularly interested in how images that showcase Iranian life and culture stick in the memories of Iranian adults. To investigate this, we created a new collection called the SemMem dataset, which is full of culturally relevant images. We adapted a memory game from earlier studies to test how memorable these images are. To analyze memorability, we used two deep learning architectures, ResNet 50 and ResNet 101. These architectures helped us estimate which images are likely to be remembered. Our findings confirmed that images connected to Iranian culture are indeed more memorable to Iranians, highlighting the impact of familiar cultural elements on memory retention.